Types Of Pedagogies
Within Pedagogy as a central discipline, different types of pedagogies have been developed that focus on specific aspects. Pedagogy is a discipline in charge of studying, analyzing and perfecting the educational phenomenon and teaching in all its complexity. It is an applied science of a psychosocial nature.
With the help of other sciences such as Philosophy, Sociology or Psychology, Pedagogy aims to organize the education and training of people.
Types of pedagogies
Starting from a general pedagogy, which is one that refers to universal and global issues of research and action on education. There are different types of pedagogies that focus their attention on different aspects.
Depending on the focus on which the study is focused, more specific branches are diversified within pedagogy as a parent discipline. Although there are different authors who propose different classifications and names, we will now describe the types of pedagogies with the greatest relevance today.
Children pedagogy
Its object of study is the first years of life of people. Analyze the maturation, development and growth processes of children. And how these processes are related to certain determining aspects, social, environmental, economic, among others, and according to specific contexts.
Children’s pedagogy studies, mainly, the competences that are acquired in the first stage of life, as fundamental foundations for the future vital development of a person. Likewise, the study of the role of educators acquires special relevance.
Social pedagogy
Focused on social groups at risk of social exclusion, or excluded. Its action strategy is education and training as prevention, to avoid behaviors that carry risks and lead to social isolation.
At the same time, providing support services for those who have greater social, cultural, economic difficulties, etc., to access training itineraries.
Descriptive pedagogy
This line of study is aimed at one more empirical research purpose. Try to study concrete realities, in order to obtain enough data and information to be able to describe and interpret it.
It considers in its studies biological, historical, psychological and social factors that influence both the teaching-learning processes in a particular way, and the educational phenomenon in a general way.
It carries out what is known as field studies, and uses techniques and instruments that help in the information gathering process. In addition, it studies the educational phenomenon in different contexts, situations and geographical locations.
Psychological pedagogy
It is nourished by tools of the psychological discipline to study and understand the processes and behaviors put into play in teaching-learning situations.
This pedagogy looks at personality traits and patterns that are responsive to learning problems, such as poor performance or attention deficit.
Political pedagogy, another of the types of pedagogies
It studies the relationship that exists between education and public life, in general, and with the state in particular. It also analyzes the educational elements that exist within a society and the way in which people relate to each other within it.
Normative pedagogy
With an absolutely theoretical base, it establishes norms and guides the educational fact. It relies on philosophy to theorize about ideals, values that education should promote, and the ends it should pursue.
Critical pedagogy
It is a current that advocates teaching that helps students to question and challenge what they are taught in the formal environment of the school. It seeks to generate a critical consciousness through the constant relationship between theory and praxis (practice), with the aim of challenging the dominant norms and beliefs established in society.
Final considerations to the types of pedagogies
Given the intrinsic complexity of the educational phenomenon, Pedagogy as a discipline has been specializing in all these other theoretical lines or types of pedagogies. It is clear that this responds to the need for a complementary analysis that allows an ever better understanding of a process as complex as education.
